Problem child now11/19/2022 ![]() ![]() Additionally, children’s sexual identity or orientation may also be considered as a risk factor. Department of Health and Human services (2008), as cited by Chu, Pineda, DePrince and Freyd (2011), the majority of child abuse and neglect cases reported to the child protective services across the nation involved more girls than boys. Individual (Child) Gender emerged as one of the risk factors for child abuse and neglect in general. Studies conducted by various researchers all over the world have suggested that children have specific characteristics which make them vulnerable, thus putting them at risk of abuse and neglect. Risk factors refer to characteristics of an individual (or the community and society within which they live) that increase chances of the possibility of future worse outcomes (Masten and Wright, 1998 as cited by Parkinson, Bromfield, McDougall and Salveron, 2017). Consistent care takers- abused and neglected children have not had one parental figure during their upbringing and have been exposed to multiple care takers. ![]()
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